Mammograms, Ultrasounds & AI Are Tools to Help Detect Breast Cancer
- Singer and songwriter Sheryl Crow, 63, is an advocate for early breast cancer detection through mammograms after her own early-stage breast cancer journey. She skipped a scheduled mammogram only to discover breast cancer shortly after.
- The medical community has a broad consensus that women should have annual mammograms between the ages of 45 and 54. However, if you have a higher risk for breast cancer due to a family history or a genetic mutation, you should consider screening at age 40.
- Within a mammogram report, doctors are required to include details that inform women about their breast density.
- Women with dense breasts are at a higher risk of developing breast cancer because dense breast tissue can mask potential cancer during screening.
- While mammograms are extremely valuable for breast cancer screening, more effective screening methods exist for women with dense breasts.
- 3D mammograms, breast ultrasound, breast MRI, and molecular breast imaging are options for women with dense breasts for a more precise screening. It is important to ask your doctor about your breast density and cancer risk.
- FDA-approved artificial intelligence program Clairity Breast has the potential to change the way doctors assess breast cancer risk from screening mammograms. While not a replacement for traditional mammography, this AI-powered tool can enhance current screening practices and improve early detection efforts.

Crow is a popular singer-songwriter who emerged on the music scene during the early ‘90s. Her debut album, “Tuesday Night Music Club,” featured her signature hit, “All I Wanna Do.” The mother of two’s run-in with breast cancer emerged before she had her sons Levi, 15, and Steve, 18.
Read More
Looking back, Crow acknowledges how easily she dismissed the possibility of cancer. “It never occurred to me that the mammogram would find anything because I have no family history and I had no signs of it, no lumps or anything like that… and I was extremely, and still am, very healthy, very athletic, and fit. I just didn’t think I would be a candidate at all,” she told People Magazine.
That experience reshaped her perspective—and her purpose. She now uses her platform to encourage others not to delay screenings, especially mammograms. “I feel compelled to go out and give that message,” she said.
WATCH: When Should I Get a Mammogram
“Getting through it was a game-changer,” Crow said. “Even if you are detected early and you know you’re not going to die from it, it definitely restructures your life. You look at your life differently, and you definitely look at what you don’t want your life to be like.”
Her story is a powerful reminder that early detection saves lives—even for those who feel perfectly healthy.

As Breast Cancer Awareness Month continues, SurvivorNet continues its mission to elevate the voices of women across the breast cancer journey—from routine screenings like Hall’s to those facing diagnosis and treatment. The emotional toll of hearing “You have cancer” is profound. Navigating treatment options, managing side effects, and adjusting to life after cancer are all part of the path.
Through its Breast Cancer Dialogues series, SurvivorNet offers a space for women to feel seen, supported, and empowered. Stories like Hall’s remind us that behind every screening is a person—navigating fear, discomfort, and hope.
Expert Resources for Breast Cancer Screening
- Free Mammograms And Increased Access To Cancer Screenings Focus Of New Bills Promoting Early Detection
- Mammograms Are Still the Best Tool for Detecting Breast Cancer — A Warning About Thermography
- Earlier Mammograms for Black Women May Reduce Breast Cancer Mortality Disparity Rates By 57%; How to Screen for this Disease
- 6 Common Excuses for Skipping a Mammogram That You Need to Stop Using!
- New Guidelines Say Many Women Under 50 Can Skip Mammograms. That May Not Be The Best Advice
Understanding Your Mammogram Report and Breast Density
A radiologist reading mammograms categorizes breasts into four different categories using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS), a classification system developed by the American College of Radiology (ACR). These include:
- Fatty breast tissue: These breasts are mainly composed of fat with very little dense tissue. Found in less than 10% of women, fatty breasts appear dark on mammograms.
- Scattered fibroglandular breast tissue: These breasts contain a mix of fatty and dense tissue (composed of glands and fibrous tissue). On a mammogram, they have dark areas (fatty tissue) intermixed with light areas (dense tissue). Around 40% of women have breasts that fall in this category.
- Heterogeneously dense breast tissue: This type of breast tissue has many areas of dense tissue and some areas of fat. Found in 40% of women, these breasts look mostly light, with some dark areas on a mammogram.
- Extremely dense breast tissue: Such breasts are almost entirely composed of dense glandular and fibrous connective tissues with very little fat. They are found in 10% of women and appear light on mammograms.
Your breasts are usually called dense on a mammogram report if they fall within the heterogeneously dense breast tissue or the extremely dense breast tissue categories.
Enhanced Screening for Dense Breasts
Women with dense breasts may not know they have it based on feeling alone. Breast density is determined by its appearance on a mammogram. Dr. Connie Lehman, the chief of the Breast Imaging Division at Massachusetts General Hospital, explains to SurvivorNet that fatty breast tissue appears gray on an X-ray. Conversely, dense breast structures appear white during an X-ray. Cancers also appear white on an X-ray, meaning the dense breast structures can mask the possibility of cancer. Luckily, advanced mammograms exist to help doctors navigate this obstacle.
WATCH: 3D Mammograms explained.
“Digital mammography, it turns out, significantly improves the quality of the mammogram…It’s 3D or tomosynthesis mammography,” Dr. Lehman explains.
“This allows us to find more cancers and to significantly reduce our false-positive rate. With digital mammography 3D tomosynthesis, we’re taking thin slices through that breast tissue, like slices of a loaf of bread. We can look at each slice independently rather than trying to see through the entire thickness of the loaf of bread. So those thin slices help us find things that were hidden in all the multiple layers,” Dr. Lehman adds.
Additional testing can be considered for dense breasts, depending on a woman’s personal history, preferences, and her physician’s guidance. These tests include:
- 3-D Mammogram (Breast Tomosynthesis): This technology acquires breast imaging from multiple angles and digitally combines them into a 3D representation of the breast tissue. This allows physicians to see breast tissue architecture better, even in dense breasts. 3D mammograms are fast becoming the standard way of performing mammography.
- Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI machine uses magnets to create highly detailed, intricate images of the breast. These are mostly reserved for women with an extremely high breast cancer risk. Dense breasts alone may not be a valid reason to obtain a breast MRI. However, dense breasts in women with genetic mutations, like BRCA1 and BRCA2, or a strong family history of breast cancer, could justify obtaining breast MRIs.
- Molecular Breast Imaging (MBI): MBI is a newer imaging technique that uses a radioactive tracer to detect breast cancer. It is beneficial for women with dense breasts. However, MBI is not as widely available as other screening methods.
A new rule from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) says that facilities offering mammograms must notify patients about their breast tissue density and recommend that they speak with a doctor to determine if further screening is necessary. There will be “uniform guidance” on what language to use and what details to share with the patient to make the communication clear and understandable.
Breast Density Doesn’t Remain the Same Over Time, Impacting Your Cancer Risk
Women with dense breasts are at a higher risk of developing breast cancer. This connection has been demonstrated time and again in several rigorous scientific studies. 1 in 6 women with dense breasts is at risk for breast cancer. Comparatively, 1 in 8 women with average breasts are at risk for this cancer. The exact reason for this difference is not fully understood.
Researchers from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston analyzed this connection in a new study.
They recruited 947 women between November 2008 and October 2020. All women were cancer-free at the start of the study and received yearly or biyearly screening mammograms. Researchers tracked the women’s mammogram reports and breast densities over time.
All women experienced a decline in their breast density during the 12 years. Two hundred eighty-nine women developed breast cancer during this time. Those who developed cancer had a lower rate of decrease in breast density than those who did not. The researchers concluded that the rate of breast density changes may indicate future breast cancer risk.
When to Screen for Breast Cancer
The medical community has a broad consensus that women should have annual mammograms between the ages of 45 and 54. However, an independent panel of experts called the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) is saying that women should now start getting mammograms every other year at the age of 40, suggesting that this lowered age for breast cancer screening could save 19% more lives.
The American Cancer Society recommends getting a mammogram every other year for women 55 and older. However, women in this age group who want added reassurance can still get annual mammograms.
WATCH: Mammograms are still the best tool for detecting breast cancer.
Women with a strong family history of breast cancer, a genetic mutation known to increase the risk of breast cancer, such as a BRCA gene mutation, or a medical history, including chest radiation therapy before the age of 30, are considered at higher risk for breast cancer.
Experiencing menstruation at an early age (before 12) or having dense breasts can also put you into a high-risk category. If you are at a higher risk of developing breast cancer, you should begin screening earlier.
Regular Self-Exams Are Helpful In Between Mammograms
A self-breast exam is an easy way to monitor your breasts for abnormalities. It involves feeling the breast for swelling, bulging, or changes in the shape of the breast or nipple.
WATCH: How to perform a self-exam.
Checking for signs of redness, rashes, or discharge is also part of this exam. If anything is found that is concerning, you should contact your doctor. It’s important to note that self-exams should be done with regular mammograms.
How AI Is Enhancing Mammograms When Screening For Breast Cancer
A groundbreaking artificial intelligence program that has received approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), called Clairity Breast, may change the way doctors assess breast cancer risk from screening mammograms.
While not a replacement for traditional mammography, this AI-powered tool can enhance current screening practices and improve early detection efforts, according to Dr. Mary Newell, a breast imaging specialist at Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University.
“This new approach can enhance the current standard of care,” Dr. Newell tells SurvivorNet.
Clairity Breast analyzes subtle patterns in screening mammograms linked to future breast cancer risk, generating a validated five-year risk score. This score is seamlessly integrated into clinical systems, enabling more personalized follow-up care.
“We can identify patients who are at elevated risk and offer supplemental screening to them with breast MRI or other technologies as a way to increase the likelihood of early detection. It does not replace mammography, and in fact, relies on mammographic images to allow the risk assessment,” she adds.
Dr. Elizabeth Comen explains how to do a self-breast exam.
Currently, women at average risk are advised to begin yearly mammograms at age 40. While Clairity Breast does not change these guidelines, Dr. Newell noted that it could help identify patients who may need earlier screening or additional imaging methods.
“It may allow us to identify patients who should start screening at an earlier age if they are shown to be at elevated risk,” she said. “It can also allow us to identify patients who may benefit from supplemental screening technologies, in addition to their yearly mammogram, after the age of 40.”
Unlike AI programs designed to detect cancer directly from images, Clairity Breast functions as a risk assessment tool. It does not interpret mammograms for cancer detection but instead works alongside traditional methods to pinpoint patients who may be at higher risk.
“Other AI tools are being developed that provide assistance with interpretation, helping to detect a cancer that may already be present,” Dr. Newell explained. “But most of the literature to date suggests that AI tools work best when deployed in conjunction with interpretation by a breast radiologist.”
Clairity Breast represents a promising step in breast cancer prevention, offering a new layer of analysis that helps doctors identify high-risk patients early and refine screening approaches — all while keeping mammography at the core of detection.
How is 3D mammography different?
“Now, advancements in AI and computer vision can uncover hidden clues in mammograms — invisible to the human eye — to help predict future risk,” said Dr. Lehman, founder of Clairity and breast imaging specialist at Mass General Brigham, in a press release.
Dr. Amani Jambhekar, a board-certified surgeon specializing in breast cancer and melanoma at CHRISTUS Health, says this new technology can make mammograms even more valuable.
“It may be a more individualized way of calculating breast cancer risk, which we need, as existing risk calculators do not identify everyone who is high risk. As a surgical oncologist, I am excited to learn more about this platform when it launches,” Dr. Jambhekar tells SurvivorNet.
RELATED: When Should I Get a Mammogram?
False Positives & the Dreaded ‘Callback’
If you went in for your mammogram and received a call from the doctor’s office to say more images, including MRI or ultrasound, may be required if the initial pictures aren’t clear, while worrisome, this scenario could mean a number of things. For instance, dense breasts, which we discuss elsewhere in this section, can make it hard to distinguish between fatty tissue and a tumor.
Here is how the numbers on screenings break down, according to Dr. Lehman: Of the approximately 10 percent of women who get called back, the vast majority will be absolutely fine after more imaging. Only 20 percent of those will need a biopsy, and in the end, just five percent of that group will be found to have cancer.
Here are some tips to help ensure you get the most accurate test possible:
- Go to a large and experienced center that has a good record and reputation.
- Don’t wear deodorant on the day of your mammography. It can contribute to inaccuracies.
- Keep in mind that certain factors, like dense breasts, tattoos, and breast implants, may also result in errors.
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
If you have a breast cancer screening coming up or have recently had one, you may have questions you want answered. SurvivorNet suggests the following questions to kickstart your conversation with your doctor.
- Do I have dense breasts?
- Do I need to undergo additional or more sensitive screening?
- How is my risk level being assessed?
- Will insurance cover additional screening if needed?
Learn more about SurvivorNet's rigorous medical review process.
