Clofarabine and Cytarabine in Treating Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Minimal Residual Disease

Inclusion Criteria:

Diagnosis of AML by World Health Organization (WHO) criteria
Persistence of MRD by flow cytometry (phenotypic blast population detectable at >= 0.1% by flow cytometry despite < 5% blasts by morphology) after initial induction and one to four cycles of cytarabine containing consolidation chemotherapy
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status of 0-2
Serum creatinine =< 1.0 mg/dL; if serum creatinine > 1.0 mg/dL, then the estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) must be > 60 mL/min/1.73m^2 as calculated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation, as reported by University of Washington Medical Center (UWMC) laboratory system
Serum bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
Aspartate transaminase (AST)/alanine transaminase (ALT) =< 2.5 x ULN
Alkaline phosphatase =< 2.5 x ULN
Capable of understanding the investigational nature, potential risks and benefits of the study, and able to provide valid informed consent
Female patients of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 2 weeks prior to enrollment
Male and female patients must use an effective contraceptive method during the study and for a minimum of 6 months after study treatment

Exclusion Criteria:

Current concomitant chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy other than as specified in the protocol
Use of investigational agents within 30 days or any anticancer therapy within 2 weeks before study entry, with exceptions for oral agents such as FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) Inhibitors or hydroxyurea which will be discontinued prior to the investigational drug regimen; intrathecal treatment within two weeks will also be allowed but not permitted to be given concurrently with investigational regimen
The patient must have recovered from all acute non-hematological toxicities from any previous therapy
Have any other severe concurrent disease, or have a history of serious organ dysfunction or disease involving the heart, kidney, liver, or other organ system that may place the patient at undue risk to undergo treatment
Patients with a systemic fungal, bacterial, viral, or other infection not controlled (defined as exhibiting ongoing signs/symptoms related to the infection and without improvement, despite appropriate antibiotics or other treatment)
Pregnant or lactating patients
Any significant concurrent illness, condition, or psychiatric disorder that would compromise patient safety or compliance, interfere with consent, study participation, follow up, or interpretation of study results
Have had a diagnosis of another malignancy, unless the patient has been disease free for at least 3 years following the completion of curative intent therapy including the following:
Patients with treated non-melanoma skin cancer, in situ carcinoma, or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, regardless of the disease-free duration, are eligible for this study if definitive treatment for the condition has been completed
Patients with organ-confined prostate cancer with no evidence of recurrent or progressive disease based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values are also eligible for this study if hormonal therapy has been initiated or a radical prostatectomy has been performed
Prior allogeneic stem cell transplant
Prior treatment with clofarabine