A Study of Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) Agonist E7766 in Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) Including Participants Unresponsive to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Therapy, INPUT-102

Inclusion Criteria:

Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status of 0 or 1.
Life expectancy greater than (>) 2 years in the view of the investigator.
Participants must have biopsy proven transitional or predominantly transitional cell NMIBC.

For the Dose Escalation part of the study, the following participants will be included:

Both, lower and higher dose escalation cohorts:

Participants with intermediate risk NMIBC

Only higher dose escalation cohorts:

Participants with BCG Unresponsive NMIBC despite prior adequate treatment. Furthermore, all participants should be indicated for radical cystectomy as the standard of care for BCG unresponsive NMIBC. Participants who are undergoing radical cystectomy as well as participants who have refused to undergo radical cystectomy will be eligible to participate in the Dose Escalation part of the study. For participants who are undergoing radical cystectomy, date of surgery should not be delayed more than 3 months after Day 1 of dosing.

For the Dose Expansion part of the study, the following participants will be included:

Participants with histologically confirmed

CIS (with or without concomitant non-muscle invasive, Ta or T1 papillary disease) (Arm 1) Or
Non-muscle invasive high-grade Ta or T1 papillary disease without CIS (Arm 2) that is deemed to be unresponsive to BCG therapy despite prior adequate treatment. Furthermore, participants should be indicated for radical cystectomy as the standard of care for BCG unresponsive NMIBC but have refused to undergo radical cystectomy.

Intermediate risk NMIBC: is defined as any participant with a high-grade Ta less than or equal to (<=) 3 cm or low-grade T1 tumor or with histologically confirmed multiple and/or recurrent low-grade Ta tumor with either 1 or 2 of the following 4 factors

Multiple tumors
Tumor >3 centimeter (cm)
Early recurrence (less than [<] year)
Frequent recurrences (>1 per year)

BCG Unresponsive NMIBC is defined as being at least 1 of the following:

Persistent or recurrent CIS alone or with recurrent Ta/T1 (noninvasive papillary disease/tumor invades the subepithelial connective tissue) disease within 12 months of completion of adequate BCG therapy.
Recurrent high-grade Ta/T1 disease within 6 months of completion of adequate BCG therapy.
T1 high-grade disease at the first evaluation following an induction BCG course

Adequate BCG therapy is defined as at least 1 of the following:

At least 5 of 6 doses of an initial induction course plus at least 2 of 3 doses of maintenance therapy.
At least 5 of 6 doses of an initial induction course plus at least 2 of 6 doses of a second induction course.
Participants must consent to repeat biopsies to allow the acquisition of fresh formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) material (obtained within 8 weeks prior to treatment initiation with E7766)
Participants must consent to repeat blood draws as indicated in the schedule of assessments.
Participant must consent to providing cystectomy tumor sample in the event that cystectomy is performed following treatment with E7766.
Immunosuppressive doses of systemic medications, such as steroids or absorbed topical steroids (doses >10 milligram per day (mg/d) prednisone or equivalent) must be safely discontinued at least 4 weeks before study drug administration.
Participants with prior Hepatitis B or C are eligible if they have adequate liver function.
Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >50 percent (%) on echocardiography or multiple gate acquisition (MUGA) scan.
Adequate renal function, bone marrow function and liver function.

Exclusion Criteria:

Other malignancy active within the previous 2 years except for basal or squamous cell skin cancer, or CIS of the cervix or breast that has completed curative therapy.
Participants with any active autoimmune disease or a documented history of autoimmune disease, except for participants with vitiligo or resolved childhood asthma/atopy
Presence of concomitant upper tract urothelial carcinoma or urothelial carcinoma within the prostatic urethra or any other regional/metastatic disease.
Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
Active infection requiring therapy
Major surgery within 4 weeks before the first dose of study drug.
Concurrent medical condition requiring the use of immunosuppressive medications or immunosuppressive doses of systemic medications, such as steroids or absorbed topical steroids (doses >10 mg/d prednisone or equivalent).
Prolongation of corrected QT (corrected for QTc interval using Frederica's correction factors [QTcF]) interval to >480 millisecond (msec) when electrolytes balance is normal.
Significant cardiovascular impairment.
Use of illegal recreational drugs.
Females who are breastfeeding or pregnant at Screening or Baseline (as documented by a positive beta-human chorionic gonadotropin [ß-hCG] (or human chorionic gonadotropin [hCG]) test with a minimum sensitivity of 25 International Units Per Liter (IU/L) or equivalent units of ß-hCG [or hCG]). A separate baseline assessment is required if a negative screening pregnancy test was obtained more than 72 hours before the first dose of study drug.
Currently enrolled in another clinical study or used any investigational drug or device within 28 days preceding Cycle 1 Day 1 (first dosing day).