Celecoxib in Preventing Breast Cancer in At-Risk Premenopausal Women

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

Increased risk for breast cancer on the basis of at least 1 of the following criteria:

Five-year Gail risk at least 1.7% or a calculated risk at least 5 times the average for age group

20-29 years old - calculated 5-year Gail risk is at least 0.1%
30-39 years old - calculated 5-year Gail risk is at least 1.0%
40 and over - calculated 5-year Gail risk is at least 1.7%
Known BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carrier

Family history consistent with hereditary breast cancer, as defined by any of the following circumstances:

At least 4 relatives with breast cancer at any age
At least 2 first-degree relatives diagnosed with breast cancer at age 50 or younger
Breast and ovarian cancer diagnosed in the same relative
At least 2 occurrences of breast cancer and 1 occurrence of ovarian cancer at any age in the same family
Prior biopsy exhibiting atypical hyperplasia, lobular cancer in situ, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)*, or invasive cancer** NOTE: *If DCIS or T1a or T1b disease was found, at least 2 months must have elapsed since prior surgery and/or radiotherapy to the involved breast

NOTE: **Prior invasive cancer (T1c, T2, or T3) must have been diagnosed at least 2 years before study and be estrogen receptor-negative, node negative

Must have had a random periareolar fine needle aspiration successfully performed within the past 3 months, with at least 1,000 cells on cytology slide and 3 additional slides for biomarker analysis (1 with at least 500 cells for Ki-67 and 2 with at least 100 ductal cells for estrogen receptors and COX-2)

Hormone receptor status:

Estrogen receptor negative

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

Age

18 to 55

Sex

Female

Menopausal status

Premenopausal, defined as menstrual periods estimated to occur every 21 to 35 days over the past 6 months

Performance status

Not specified

Life expectancy

At least 5 years

Hematopoietic

Absolute granulocyte count at least 1,000/mm^3
Platelet count at least 100,000/mm^3
Hemoglobin at least 10 g/dL
No bleeding diathesis within the past year

Hepatic

Bilirubin no greater than 2.0 mg/dL
Albumin at least 3.0 g/dL
AST and ALT no greater than 2 times upper limit of normal (ULN)
Alkaline phosphatase no greater than 2 times ULN
No severe liver disease requiring treatment

Renal

Creatinine no greater than 1.5 mg/dL

Cardiovascular

No high blood pressure not controlled by medication
No history of angina
No history of cardiovascular disease
No history of deep vein thrombosis

Pulmonary

No history of pulmonary embolism

Other

Not pregnant or nursing
Negative pregnancy test
Fertile patients must use effective contraception
No prior allergy to sulfa, COX-2 inhibitors, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
No history of an ulcer requiring treatment
No history of ulcerative colitis
No inflammatory bowel disease
No body mass index > 33
No history of diabetes
No prior metastatic malignancy of any kind
No complications of alcoholism requiring hospitalization
No concurrent asthma being treated

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

Biologic therapy

Not specified

Chemotherapy

At least 6 months since prior chemotherapy

Endocrine therapy

At least 6 months since prior antihormone therapy (e.g., selective estrogen-receptor modulators or aromatase inhibitors)
Anticipated use of oral or IV corticosteroids must be less than 2 weeks per year
No change (stop or start) in hormonal therapy within the past 6 months (e.g., estrogen, progesterone, oral contraceptives, or fertility agents)

Radiotherapy

See Disease Characteristics
No prior radiotherapy to the contralateral breast involved in the study treatment

Surgery

See Disease Characteristics

Other

At least 3 weeks since prior aspirin, rofecoxib, celecoxib, other COX-2 inhibitors, or NSAIDs
No concurrent anticoagulants
No other concurrent NSAIDs
No chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
No chronic furosemide*
No chronic fluconazole*
No chronic lithium NOTE: *Occasional concurrent use allowed