Changes in Doppler Signals From the Lung Due to Cardiac Resynchronization in Heart Failure Patients

Inclusion Criteria:

Male and female patients 18 years or older, who met the indications for cardiac synchronization therapy (CRT) per the ACCF/AHA guidelines, underwent successful system implant for more than 3 months, and were referred to the CRT non-responder clinic at the Ohio State University for CRT- Echo optimization due to absence of clinical improvement in functional class or ejection fraction after the implant per the judgment of the referring physician.

Exclusion Criteria:

Chronic atrial fibrillation or new cardiac arrhythmias detected at the time of the visit that are known to affect the response to CRT (Atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, or frequent premature ventricular contractions).
CRT device malfunction
Inadequate CRT programming that has contributed to lack of response to CRT
Coronary sinus lead anatomical or electrical malfunctions at the time of the visit
Acute systemic illness that can explain their lack of functional improvement (i.e., anemia, severe electrolyte imbalance, pneumothorax, pericardial effusion, pneumonia)
Inability to sign informed consent