Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Stage I or Stage II Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer That Can Be Removed By Surgery

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

Histologically or cytologically confirmed non-small cell lung cancer, including any of the following primary tumor types:

Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
Large cell neuroendocrine tumor
Non-small cell carcinoma not otherwise specified
No pure type bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma

Stage I or II disease based on 1 of the following combinations of primary tumor, regional nodes, metastasis (TNM) staging:

T1, N0, M0
T2 (≤ 5 cm), N0, M0
T3 (≤ 5 cm), N0, M0 (chest wall primary tumors only)
No T2 or T3 primary tumors > 5 cm or T3 primary tumors involving the central chest and structures of the mediastinum
No primary tumor of any T-stage within or touching the zone of the proximal bronchial tree, defined as a volume of 2 cm in all directions around the proximal bronchial tree (carina, right and left main bronchi, right and left upper lobe bronchi, intermedius bronchus, right middle lobe bronchus, lingular bronchus, or right and left lower lobe bronchi)

Patients with hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes ≤ 1 cm AND no abnormal hilar or mediastinal uptake on positron emission tomography (PET) scan will be considered N0

Patients with > 1 cm hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes on CT scan OR abnormal PET scan (including suspicious but nondiagnostic uptake) will still be eligible if directed tissue biopsies of all abnormally identified areas are negative for cancer
No direct evidence of regional or distant metastases after appropriate staging studies

Considered a reasonable candidate for surgical resection of the primary tumor, according to the following criteria:

Primary tumor predicted to be technically resectable with a high likelihood of negative surgical margins (as determined by a qualified thoracic surgeon)
Baseline forced expiratory volume (FEV)_1 > 35% predicted
Postoperative predicted FEV_1 > 30% predicted
Diffusion capacity > 35% predicted
No hypoxemia (e.g., partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) of ≤ 60 mm Hg) and/or hypercapnia (e.g., partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) > 50 mm Hg) at baseline
No severe pulmonary hypertension
No severe cerebral, cardiac, or peripheral vascular disease
No severe chronic heart disease

Pleural effusion, if present, must be deemed too small to tap under CT scan guidance and must not be evident on chest x-ray

Pleural effusion that appears on chest x-ray will be allowed only after thoracotomy or other invasive procedure

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

Zubrod performance status 0-1
Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1,800/mm³
Platelet count ≥ 100,000/mm^3
Hemoglobin ≥ 8.0 g/dL (transfusion allowed)
Not pregnant or nursing
Negative pregnancy test
Fertile patients must use effective contraception
No synchronous primary or other invasive malignancy within the past 3 years other than nonmelanoma skin cancer or in situ cancer
No active systemic, pulmonary, or pericardial infection
No weight loss > 5% for any reason within the past 3 months

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

No prior radiotherapy for lung cancer

Prior radiotherapy as part of treatment for head and neck cancer, breast cancer, or other non-lung cancer is allowed provided there will not be significant overlap with the stereotactic body radiotherapy fields
No prior chemotherapy or surgical resection for this lung cancer
No other concurrent local or regional antineoplastic therapy (including standard fractionated radiotherapy, non-approved systemic therapy, and surgery), except at disease progression