A Study of Tasisulam-sodium Versus Paclitaxel as Treatment for Metastatic Melanoma

Inclusion Criteria:

Have a histologic and/or cytologic diagnosis of metastatic melanoma (Stage IV).
Have the presence of evaluable disease as defined by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST 1.0).
Have a performance status of 0-1 on the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Scale.
Have progressed after 1 previous systemic treatment containing dacarbazine or temozolomide for metastatic melanoma.
Have discontinued all previous therapies for cancer, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, or other investigational therapy for at least 30 days (6 weeks for mitomycin-C or nitrosoureas) before study enrollment and recovered from the acute effects of therapy (except alopecia).
Have a serum albumin level greater than or equal to 3.0 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or greater than or equal to 30 grams per liter (g/L).

Exclusion Criteria:

Have received greater than or equal to 2 previous chemotherapy-containing systemic treatment regimens for metastatic melanoma. An immunotherapy or antibody-based regimen (including biologic agents and vaccination-based treatments), or treatment with a targeted agent (for example, BRAF or c-Kit inhibitor is not counted as a prior treatment regimen for determining study eligibility, unless either was combined with a cytotoxic drug).
Have active central nervous system (CNS) or leptomeningeal metastasis (brain metastasis) at the time of study entry. Participants with signs or symptoms of neurological compromise should have appropriate radiographic imaging performed before study entry to rule out occult brain metastasis. Participants with a history of a solitary CNS metastasis previously treated with curative intent (for example, stereotactic radiation or surgery) and not requiring steroids are eligible.
Are receiving warfarin.
Have primary ocular or mucosal melanoma.
Any previous treatment with paclitaxel or a paclitaxel-containing regimen for metastatic melanoma.
Have serious concomitant disorders, including active bacterial, fungal, or viral infection, incompatible with the study (at the discretion of the investigator).
Have previously completed or withdrawn from this study or any other study investigating tasisulam-sodium.
Have a known hypersensitivity to paclitaxel or Cremophor EL (polyoxyethylated castor oil).
Are pregnant or lactating.
Have received a recent (within 30 days before enrollment) or are receiving concurrent yellow fever vaccination.
Have known positive test results in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg), or hepatitis C antibodies (HCAb).
Are unable to withhold dosing of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) for at least 72 hours before and after treatment with tasisulam-sodium.