Apalutamide and Leuprolide in Intermediate and High-risk Prostate Cancer

Inclusion Criteria:

Adenocarcinoma of the prostate with histological or cytological confirmation without neuroendocrine differentiation or small cell histology and with G 4+3 or higher, and PSA ≥ 10, and ≥T2b, for whom radical prostatectomy has been recommended and who choose to undergo radical prostatectomy.
A minimum tissue requirement of ≥3 core biopsies with tumor involvement and at least 50% tumor involvement in one of the core biopsies is required.
Have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 or 1
Hemoglobin of ≥ 10 g/dL, independent of transfusion and/or growth factors within 3 months prior to randomization
Platelet count of ≥ 100k/mL independent of transfusion and/or growth factors within 3 months prior to randomization
Serum albumin ≥3.0 g/dL
Serum creatinine < 2.0 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) {or a calculated creatinine clearance ≥ 60 mL/min}
Serum potassium ≥3.5 mmol/L
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) < 2.5 x ULN
Total serum bilirubin levels < 1.5 x ULN (Note: In subjects with Gilbert's syndrome, if total bilirubin is >1.5 × ULN, measure direct and indirect bilirubin and if direct bilirubin is ≤1.5 × ULN, subject may be eligible)
Be capable of swallowing study agents whole as a tablet
Be willing/able to adhere to the prohibitions and restrictions specified in this protocol
Have signed an informed consent document indicating that the subject understands the purpose of and procedures required for the study and are willing to participate in the study.
Medications known to lower the seizure threshold must be discontinued or substituted at least 4 weeks prior to study entry.
Agrees to use a condom (even men with vasectomies) and another effective method of birth control if he is having sex with a woman of childbearing potential or agrees to use a condom if he is having sex with a woman who is pregnant while on study drug and for 3 months following the last dose of study drug. Must also agree not to donate sperm during the study and for 3 months following the last dose of study drug.

Exclusion Criteria:

The use of any prior hormones including luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists , LHRH antagonists, antiandrogens such as bicalutamide, flutamide and nilutamide, and/or the use of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, prostate cancer (PC) Spes (or PC-x product), Megestrol Acetate, or estrogen containing nutriceuticals within 6 months of study treatment initiation.
Prior radiation therapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy or other investigational therapy given for prostate cancer.
"Currently active" second malignancy other than non-melanoma skin cancers or non-muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma of bladder. Patients are not considered to have a "currently active" malignancy if they have completed therapy and are now considered (by their physician) to be at less than 30% risk for relapse.
History of seizure or condition that may pre-dispose to seizure (including but not limited to prior stroke, transient ischemic attack, loss of consciousness within 1 year prior to randomization, brain arteriovenous malformation; or intracranial masses such as schwannomas and meningiomas that are causing edema or mass effect)
Current systemic steroid therapy (inhaled or topical steroids are also not allowed)
Have received treatment with any form of therapy with CYP17 inhibitory activity such as ketoconazole, aminoglutethimide, or an antiandrogen such as bicalutamide within 6 months of study treatment initiation.
Use of herbal products that may have hormonal anti-prostate cancer activity and/or are known to decrease PSA levels (e.g., saw palmetto) or systemic corticosteroids within 6 months of enrollment
Active infection (eg, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] or viral hepatitis)
Have uncontrolled hypertension;subjects with a history of hypertension are permitted in the study provided their blood pressure is controlled by anti-hypertensive therapy, at the discretion of the treating physician
Have a known history of pituitary or adrenal dysfunction
Have clinically significant heart disease as evidenced by severe or unstable angina, myocardial infarction, symptomatic congestive heart failure, arterial or venous thromboembolic events (e.g., pulmonary embolism, cerebrovascular accident including transient ischemic attacks), or clinically significant ventricular arrhythmias within 6 months prior to randomization
Have a history of gastric bypass surgery or severe malabsorption that may interfere with the absorption of the study agents
Be taking or require the use of prohibited medications as listed
Have any condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would compromise the well-being of the subject or the study or prevent the subject from meeting or performing study requirements