Busulfan, Melphalan, and Fludarabine With Peri-transplant Palifermin, Followed by a T-Cell Depleted Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant From HLA Matched or Mismatched Related or Unrelated Donors in Patients With Advanced Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients should be < 65 years. Patients > or equal to 65 years will be accrued on a case by case basis after discussion and approval by the BMT Service.
Patients may be of either gender or any ethnic background.
Patients must have a Karnofsky or Lansky Performance Status > or equal to 70%.

Patients must have adequate organ function measured by:

* Cardiac: asymptomatic or if symptomatic then LVEF at rest must be > or equal to 50% and must improve with exercise.

Hepatic: < 3x ULN ALT and < 1.5 total serum bilirubin, unless there is congenital benign hyperbilirubinemia.

Renal: serum creatinine < than or equal to 1.2 mg/dl or if serum creatinine is outside the normal range, then CrCl > 60-ml/min/1.73 m2
Pulmonary: asymptomatic or if symptomatic, DLCO > 50% of predicted (corrected for hemoglobin)
Each patient must be willing to participate as a research subject and must sign an informed consent form.
Parent or legal guardians of patients who are minors will sign the informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

Active CNS or skin leukemic involvement
Female patients who are pregnant or breast-feeding
Active viral, bacterial or fungal infection
Patient seropositive for HIV-I/II; HTLV -I/II
Patients who have undergone a prior allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplant within the previous six months.
Patients who have had a previous malignancy that is not in remission.