GM-CSF Vaccinations After Allogeneic Blood Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Advanced Myeloid Malignancies

This trial can be divided into three phases: 1) Pre-transplant phase; 2) Reduced intensity transplant phase; 3) Vaccination phase.
Pre-transplant phase: Once a suitable donor has been identified, the participant will undergo a battery of standard pre-transplant tests and procedure to collect their leukemia cells for vaccine generation. Blood tests, heart function test, pulmonary function test, tuberculosis test, bone marrow aspirate and biopsy, and leukemia cell collection through leukapheresis.
Allogeneic reduced intensity stem cell transplant phase: The transplant phase of the study will begin when the participant is admitted to the hospital to receive the chemotherapy and stem cell transplant. The minimum duration of hospitalization for the procedure is approximately 8 days. In the week before the participant receives the stem cells, they will be treated with chemotherapy through a central line. The goal of chemotherapy is to both control the cancer and suppress the immune system so that the body will not reject the donor stem cells.
Just prior to and immediately following the infusion of stem cells, participants will receive medications to help prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a common complication of transplant where the donor's immune cells attack the body. After the transplant, participants will also take antibiotic medication to help prevent possible infections.
Sargramostim (GM-CSF, leukine), a white blood cell growth factor, will be given daily subcutaneously starting the day after the stem cell transplant until blood counts have recovered.
After the stem cell infusion, participants will be examined and have blood tests weekly for 1 month. Between 30-45 days after the transplant, a bone marrow biopsy will be performed to assess the status of the disease and to look for evidence of the donor's cells in the bone marrow.
Vaccination Phase: After the bone marrow biopsy 30-45 days after the transplant, the participant will begin to receive the vaccinations. The vaccine will be administered subcutaneously and intradermally on the arm, leg, or abdomen 6 times over a period of 9 weeks. The first 3 vaccinations will occur once a week for 3 consecutive weeks, and the last 3 vaccines will be given once every other week over 6 weeks. All vaccinations may be given as an outpatient in the clinic. During this period of time, participants will be closely monitored on a weekly basis to monitor for side effects. Before the first and after the fifth and sixth vaccinations, a small amount of the participants leukemia cells will be injected under the skin to see if the immune system will react against it and cause redness and swelling.
About 4 weeks after the last vaccination (6th), a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy will be performed to assess the status of the disease.
After the 1st and 5th vaccinations, a skin biopsy will be performed to assess for response at the vaccine site. These biopsies are relatively simple outpatient procedures.