Hypofractionated Regional Nodal Irradiation Clinical Trial for Women With Breast Cancer

Inclusion Criteria:

Karnofsky performance status of 70-100%
Histologic documentation of invasive adenocarcinoma of the breast

One of the breast disease stages listed below:

Note: In the definitions below, definitive surgery is defined as the final surgery performed to obtain clear surgical margins
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was not administered ** If neoadjuvant chemotherapy was NOT administered, pathologic staging must be T1-3, N1-2a following definitive surgery

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered

If prior to initiation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy clinical staging was T1-3, N0, pathologic staging must be T1-3, N1-2a following definitive surgery
If prior to initiation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy clinical staging was T1-3, N1, pathologic staging must be T0-3, N0-2a following definitive surgery

If prior to initiation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy there was cytologic or pathologic confirmation of axillary nodal involvement (per any of the criteria listed below), pathologic staging must be T0-3, N0-2a following definitive surgery

Positive fine-needle aspiration (FNA) (ie, demonstrating malignant cells)
Positive core needle biopsy (ie, demonstrating invasive adenocarcinoma)
Positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (ie, demonstrating invasive adenocarcinoma)

Complete resection of known breast disease by one of the following surgeries:

Lumpectomy with sentinel lymph node or axillary lymph node dissection
Mastectomy alone with sentinel lymph node or axillary lymph node dissection
Mastectomy plus reconstruction with sentinel lymph node or axillary lymph node dissection

Margins of the resected specimen or re-excision specimen must be histologically free of invasive tumor and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) as determined by the pathologist

* Notes: Additional operative procedures may be performed to obtain clear margins; focally positive margins are acceptable based on technical feasibility of additional surgery and/or the potential for benefit with further surgery based on the extent and location of the positive margin (eg, focally positive deep margin at the pectoralis fascia); also, patients with margins positive for lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) are eligible without additional resection

Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing performed on the primary breast tumor; when applicable, testing must have been performed prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Interval between the last surgery for breast cancer (including re-excision of margins) or the completion of adjuvant chemotherapy and study enrollment must be =< 56 days (ie, a maximum of 8 weeks)

* Note: Radiotherapy must begin within 10 weeks following the last surgery for breast cancer or the last dose of adjuvant chemotherapy

Recovery from surgery with the incision completely healed and no signs of infection
If adjuvant chemotherapy was administered, chemotherapy-related toxicity that may interfere with delivery of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) should have resolved

Women who are not postmenopausal or have not undergone hysterectomy must have a documented negative pregnancy test within 14 days prior to study registration

* Note: Postmenopausal is defined as one or more of the following:

Age >= 60 years
Age < 60 years and amenorrheic for at least 1 year with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and plasma estradiol levels in the postmenopausal range
Bilateral oophorectomy
Women of child-bearing potential (WCBP) must agree to use a medically accepted form of pregnancy prevention for the duration of study treatment

Ability to understand and willingness to sign the consent form written in English pregnancy test within 14 days prior to study registration

* Note: Postmenopausal is defined as one or more of the following:

Age >= 60 years
Age < 60 years and amenorrheic for at least 1 year with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and plasma estradiol levels in the postmenopausal range
Bilateral oophorectomy
Women of child-bearing potential (WCBP) must agree to use a medically accepted form of pregnancy prevention for the duration of study treatment
Ability to understand and willingness to sign the consent form written in English

Exclusion Criteria:

Known definitive clinical or radiologic evidence of metastatic disease
T4 tumors including inflammatory breast cancer
Clinical nodal staging of N2 or N3 disease
Pathologic nodal staging of N2b, N2c, or N3 disease

Microscopic positive margins after definitive surgery

* Note: Patients with microscopically focally positive margins following lumpectomy or mastectomy are not excluded if re-excision is not technically feasible and/or there is no benefit to further surgery based on the extent and location of the positive margin

Any history, not including the index cancer, of ipsilateral or contralateral invasive breast cancer or ipsilateral or contralateral DCIS treated with radiation therapy (RT)

* Note: Patients with synchronous or previous ipsilateral LCIS are eligible

Any radiation therapy (RT) for the currently diagnosed breast cancer prior to study enrollment
History of ipsilateral or contralateral breast or thoracic RT for any condition
History of ipsilateral or contralateral axillary surgery for any condition
History of lymphedema involving the ipsilateral or contralateral arm at present or at any time in the past
Synchronous contralateral breast cancer requiring RT

Overall geometry (eg, breast size if intact breast) precludes the ability to achieve dosimetric requirements

* Note: Set-up devices for breast positioning are permitted

Unresolved post-surgical complications (eg, significant infection) with healing difficulties
Active collagen vascular disease, specifically dermatomyositis with a creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level above normal or with an active skin rash, systemic lupus erythematosus, or scleroderma
Pregnancy or breastfeeding
Diagnosis or treatment for a non-breast malignancy within 5 years of study registration, with the following exceptions: complete resection of basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and any in situ malignancy after curative therapy
Medical, psychological, or social condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, may increase the patient's risk or limit the patient's adherence with study requirements