Nelipepimut-S Plus GM-CSF Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients With Breast Cancer

Inclusion Criteria:

Participants must be pre- or post-menopausal
Participants must have a diagnosis of DCIS made by core needle biopsy
Participants must be human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 positive
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status must be 0 or 1 (Karnofsky >= 60%)
Clinical chemistry less than 2 x normal upper limit of normal range
Platelets >= 100,000/mm^3
Hemoglobin >= 10 g/dL
Blood urea nitrogen < 2 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
Alkaline phosphatase < 2 x ULN
Lactate dehydrogenase < 2 x ULN
Creatinine < 2 x ULN
Bilirubin < 2 x ULN
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]) < 2 x ULN
A normal ejection fraction, as defined by the participant's institution; only limited echocardiograms (ECHOs) will be used as cardiac evaluation; no other tests are allowed; ECHO is to be done only in HLA-A2 positive participants; if ECHO has been done within 30 days prior to randomization and results showing a normal ejection fraction have been obtained prior to randomization, an additional ECHO is not needed at baseline
Willingness to comply with all study interventions and follow-up procedures
The ability to understand and willingness to sign a written informed consent document

Exclusion Criteria:

Invasive breast cancer; areas of microinvasion or suspicious for microinvasion on the core biopsy is allowed
History of prior breast cancer treated within the past two years; patients completing all breast cancer-specific treatment over two years prior to the current diagnosis are eligible
History of prior ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) treated within the past two years; patients completing all treatment for a previous diagnosis of DCIS over two years prior to the current diagnosis are eligible
Prior lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is allowed
Pregnant, unwilling to use adequate contraception during study treatment duration or breastfeeding; pregnant women will be excluded; all heterosexually active women who may become pregnant must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation OR be post-menopausal defined as any one of the following 1) prior hysterectomy, 2) absence of menstrual period for 1 year in the absence of prior chemotherapy or 3) absence of menstrual period for 2 years in women with a prior history of chemotherapy exposure who were pre-menopausal prior to chemotherapy; should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her study physician immediately
Any autoimmune disease or other medical condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would compromise the subject's safety
Immune deficiency diseases such as immunoglobulin deficiency or immunosuppressive therapy that might interfere with appropriate immune response
Known history of or known active infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B or hepatitis C
Patients on chronic steroid therapy or other immunosuppressive therapy except for topical or inhaled steroids known to have low systemic absorption
Patients with a known hypersensitivity to GM-CSF, yeast-derived products, or any component of the GM-CSF product (e.g., mannitol)
Concurrent treatment with other investigational agent
History of non-breast malignancy within 5 years prior to randomization, except curatively treated superficial bladder cancer, carcinoma in situ of the cervix (stage 0-1), and basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to NeuVax
Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
No recent or planned immunotherapy