A Study to Learn More About the Health of Persons With Down Syndrome After Treatment for Acute Leukemia

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients age >= 6 and < 40 years at the time of enrollment
A diagnosis of Down syndrome is required, and may include any of the three recognized types: trisomy 21 resulting from chromosomal nondisjunction (most common), translocation (the patient has 46 chromosomes, but all or part of an additional copy of chromosome 21 is attached to another chromosome), or mosaicism (trisomy 21 that is present in only a fraction of cells)

All patients must be DS-AL survivors (acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL] or acute myeloid leukemia [AML])

Note: Myeloid leukemia of Down syndrome (ML-DS) would be included under AML category above. Also note that survivors of relapsed disease are eligible, so long as the patient otherwise meets eligibility criteria, i.e., treatment for relapse was completed at least 36 calendar months prior to enrollment and did not include stem cell transplant

Patients must have been treated for ALL or AML

Note: History of COG therapeutic trial participation is not required. As a reminder ML-DS would be included under the AML category here above
All cancer treatment (oral or intravenous) must have been completed at least 36 calendar months prior to enrollment
Patients must have a life expectancy of > 1 year

Patient and parent of subject must be either English or Spanish speaking. At least one parent or guardian must be able to read and write in English or Spanish

Note: Parents or guardians are responsible for completing all forms, even in the case of subjects that are >= 18 years old
All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients with history of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) are excluded

Note: Patients with previous chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T-cell) therapy, and other cellular cancer therapies can participate, as long as all other eligibility criteria are satisfied

Patients with a history of cancers prior to their ALL or AML diagnosis are excluded. Patients that developed a subsequent malignant neoplasm following their ALL or AML diagnosis are also excluded

Note: Prior history of transient abnormal myelopoiesis is allowed, but is not sufficient for eligibility
Patients whose parents or guardians are unable to complete the required forms are excluded