Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosing Patients With Kidney Tumors

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients must be able to read, understand, and voluntarily sign an informed consent document
For patients with organ confined renal tumors to be enrolled, the renal mass must be >= 1 cm in diameter on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and can be any clinical stage T1a-T4 (non-metastatic); a histologic diagnosis is not required for enrollment; the primary imaging site would be kidney
For patients with metastatic renal tumors to be enrolled, a histologic diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma must exist and any burden of disease >= 1 cm by CT or MRI is acceptable; the metastatic sites may be kidney, intra-abdominal (such as liver), brain, bone, or lymph nodes; lung lesions are NOT eligible because of the motion artifact caused by respiration
Patients with metastatic disease may have received prior nephrectomy and/or prior systemic therapy (no limit on number); their baseline pMRI would be performed prior to starting a new treatment
Negative pregnancy test if female of child-bearing age
Able to undergo contrast enhanced MRI

Exclusion Criteria:

Severe concurrent disease, infection, or medical co-morbidity that, in the judgment of the investigator, would make the patient inappropriate for enrollment
Severe renal function impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] < 45 mL/min/1.73 m^2) would make the patient inappropriate for enrollment due to the increased risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) with higher dose of IV gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) administration
Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding
Subjects who are unable to tolerate or are not eligible for MR imaging (claustrophobia, metal implantable devices such as pacemaker, aneurysm clips, etc)
Subjects with established allergy to IV GBCA