Gemcitabine, Bendamustine, and Nivolumab in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Inclusion Criteria:

Histologically documented classical Hodgkin lymphoma that is recurrent or refractory after standard chemotherapy. Core biopsies are acceptable if they contain adequate tissue for primary diagnosis and immunophenotyping. Bone marrow biopsies as the sole means of diagnosis are not acceptable. At least one biopsy-proven relapse is required for enrollment, but patients who have multiply relapsed disease do not require repeat biopsy if not clinically indicated

Prior treatment: patients must have relapsed or progressed after at least one prior therapy

Patients with relapsed or refractory disease following autologous stem cell transplantation are permitted. Due to the risk of treatment-refractory graft versus host disease (GVHD), patients who have previously completed an allogeneic transplant are excluded.
Patients may have received gemcitabine, bendamustine, or nivolumab in the past but may not have discontinued therapy due to toxicity felt to be related to that specific drug
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-2

Measurable disease must be present either on physical examination or imaging studies. Non-measurable disease alone is not acceptable

Measurable disease

Lesions that can be accurately measured in at least two dimensions as ≥ 1.0 x 1.0 cm by computerized tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET)/CT (positron emission tomography/CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
If identified by PET/CT, there must be at least one lesion that demonstrates abnormal fludeoxyglucose (FDG) avidity, consistent with active disease. Ultrasound or physical examination alone may not be utilized to confirm measurable disease

Non-measurable disease

All other lesions, including small lesions (less than 1.0 x 1.0 cm) and truly non-measurable lesions

Lesions that are considered non-measurable include the following:

Bone lesions (lesions if present should be noted)
Ascites
Pleural/pericardial effusion
Lymphangitis cutis/pulmonis
Bone marrow (involvement by Hodgkin lymphoma should be noted)
Non-pregnant and non-nursing. Women and men of reproductive potential should agree to use an effective means of birth control
Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are eligible. Patients with HIV infection must meet the following: no evidence of co-infection with hepatitis B or C; cluster of differentiation 4+ (CD4+) count ≥ 400/mm; no evidence of resistant strains of HIV; on anti-HIV therapy with an HIV viral load < 50 copies HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA)/mL. Patients with HIV must have ongoing follow-up with an infectious disease specialist and must have been evaluated within 90 days of cycle 1 day 1
Patients with a history of hepatitis C are eligible as long as the hepatitis C has been treated and cleared and they have no evidence of hepatic dysfunction related to hepatitis C. Patients must have been seen by a hepatologist within 6 months of cycle 1 day 1
Patients who test positive for hepatitis B core antibody may enroll on the study as long as they test negative for both hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and if they have no evidence of hepatic dysfunction that is felt to be related to hepatitis B

Patients must have adequate pulmonary function, defined as the following:

No history of drug-related, radiation-induced, or autoimmune pneumonitis requiring hospital admission
Baseline pulse oximetry reading of ≥ 92% on room air
Patients with a history of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) must have no oxygen requirement, must have not had a hospital admission for COPD/asthma exacerbation within the past 2 years, and must not have received systemic steroids (≥ 10 mg prednisone for more than 7 days) for asthma/COPD within the past 2 years
Patients with hypothyroidism or type 1 diabetes mellitus that are on chronic hormonal therapy and which are well-controlled are eligible
Granulocytes ≥ 1000/µl
Platelet count ≥ 75,000/µl
Creatinine clearance ≥ 50 mL/min
Bilirubin ≤ 2.0 mg/dL
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 2.0 x upper limits of normal

Exclusion Criteria:

Due to the teratogenic potential of these agents, pregnant or nursing patients may not be enrolled
Patients may not have an auto-immune disease requiring systemic immunosuppression, biologic therapy, and/or steroid use (≥ 10 mg daily of prednisone or equivalent)
Patients with current or prior central nervous system (CNS) involvement with lymphoma are not eligible