ECoG BMI for Motor and Speech Control

Inclusion Criteria:

Age > 21
Limited ability to use upper limbs, based on neurological examination, due to stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis, cervical spinal cord injury, brainstem stroke, muscular dystrophy, myopathy or severe neuropathy.
Disability, defined by a 4 or greater score on the Modified Rankin Scale, must be severe enough to cause loss of independence and inability to perform activities of daily living.
If stroke or spinal cord injury, at least 1 year has passed since onset of symptoms
Must live within a two-hour drive of UCSF

Exclusion Criteria:

Pregnancy or breastfeeding
Inability to understand and/or read English
Inability to give consent
Dementia, based on history, physical exam, and MMSE
Active depression (BDI > 20) or other psychiatric illness (active general anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), or personality disorders (e.g. multiple personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, etc.)
History of suicide attempt or suicidal ideation
History of substance abuse
Co-morbidities including ongoing anticoagulation, uncontrolled hypertension, cancer, or major organ system failure
Inability to comply with study follow-up visits
Any prior intracranial surgery
History of seizures
Immunocompromised
Has an active infection
Has a CSF drainage system or an active CSF leak
Requires diathermy, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to treat a chronic condition
Has an implanted electronic device such as a neurostimulator, cardiac pacemaker/defibrillator or medication pump, or presence of any head or neck metallic foreign bodies
Allergies or known hypersensitivity to materials in the Blackrock NeuroPort Array (i.e. silicone, titanium) or the PMT Subdural Cortical Electrode (silicone, platinum iridium, nichrome)