Enzalutamide With or Without Abiraterone and Prednisone in Treating Patients With Castration-Resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer

Eligibility Criteria:

Documentation of Disease - Progressive castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer with histologically or cytologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate without neuroendocrine differentiation or small cell features

Patients must have measurable or non-measurable disease:

Measurable Disease - For visceral or extra nodal lesions to be considered measurable, they must be ≥ 10 mm in one dimension, using spiral CT. For lymph nodes to be considered measurable (ie, target or evaluable lesions), they must be ≥ 20 mm in at least one dimension, using spiral CT.
Non-Measurable Disease - All other lesions, including small lesions (longest diameter < 20 mm with conventional techniques or < 10 mm with spiral CT scan) and truly non-measurable lesions. Lesions that are considered non-measurable include bone lesions (only).
Patients with node only disease (ie, no presence of visceral, extra nodal lesions or bone lesions) must have node(s) that measure ≥ 15 mm in short axis.

Progressive Disease - Patients must have progressive disease at study entry defined as one or more of the following three criteria that occurred while the patient was on androgen deprivation therapy. For patients enrolling on the basis of soft tissue or bone progression, the baseline scan must show progression relative to a comparison scan. If the comparison scan is not available, the baseline scan report must reference the previous scan to document progression.

PSA progression defined by a minimum of two rising PSA levels with an interval of ≥ 1 week between each determination. Patients who received an anti-androgen must have progression documented by a minimum of two rising PSA levels with an interval of ≥ 1 week between each determination such that at least the second of these rises is ≥ 4 weeks since last flutamide, bicalutamide or nilutamide.

The PSA value at the screening should be ≥ 2 µg/L (2 ng/mL) .

Soft tissue disease progression defined by the protocol
Bone disease progression defined by the Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 (PCWG2) with two or more new lesions on bone scan

Prior Treatment

No treatment with prior taxane-based chemotherapy for metastatic disease

Patients who received prior taxane-based chemotherapy as neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy for local disease, or who received taxane-based therapy in the PSA clinical (non-metastatic) state is allowable provided that the total duration of exposure was six cycles or less and chemotherapy was completed more than 6 months prior to registration
Taxane-based chemotherapy that was aborted due to allergic reactions or intolerance to chemotherapy and therefore received one cycle of prior therapy is allowable
No prior enzalutamide, abiraterone or other novel antiandrogen or androgen synthesis inhibitor

No treatment with any of the following for prostate cancer within 4 weeks prior to enrollment:

Hormonal therapy (e.g., androgen receptor [AR] antagonists, 5 alpha reductase inhibitors, estrogens) Note: Treatment with bicalutamide and nilutamide within 4 weeks prior to enrollment is not allowed. Treatment with flutamide within 4 weeks prior to enrollment is not allowed. Treatment with all other gonadotropin- releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues or antagonists is allowed.
Chemotherapy
Biologic therapy
Investigational therapy
Immunotherapy
No use of herbal products that may decrease PSA levels within 4 weeks prior to enrollment
No use of systemic steroids greater than the equivalent of 10 mg of prednisone/prednisolone per day within 4 weeks prior to enrollment
No prior use of ketoconazole for greater than 7 days
No prior radiation therapy or radionuclide therapy for the treatment of metastasis within four weeks prior to enrollment
Patients receiving bisphosphonate therapy or denosumab must have been on a stable dose for at least 4 weeks prior to enrollment
Patients must maintain ongoing androgen deprivation therapy with a GnRH analogue, antagonist, or bilateral orchiectomy (i.e., surgical or medical castration)

Patient History

No known or suspected brain metastases (NOTE: patients with treated epidural disease are allowed)
No planned palliative procedures for alleviation of bone pain such as radiation therapy or surgery
No structurally unstable bone lesions suggesting impending fracture
No history of seizure or any condition that may increase the patient's seizure risk (e.g., prior cortical stroke, significant brain trauma). No history of transient ischemic attack (TIA) within 12 months of enrollment

No clinically significant cardiovascular disease including:

Myocardial infarction (MI) within 6 months
Uncontrolled angina within 3 months
Congestive heart failure (CHF) with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class 3 or 4, or patients with NYHA class 3 or 4 in the past, unless a screening echocardiogram (echo) or multigated acquisition scan (MUGA) performed within three months demonstrates an ejection fraction (EF) > 45%
History of clinically significant ventricular arrhythmias (e.g., ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, torsades de pointes)
History of Mobitz II second degree or third degree heart block without a permanent pacemaker in place
Hypotension (systolic blood pressure [BP] < 86 mmHg) or bradycardia (< 50 bpm) at screening
Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic BP > 170 mmHg or diastolic BP > 105 mmHg at screening)
No gastrointestinal (GI) disorder that negatively affects absorption
No major surgery within 4 weeks prior to enrollment

Age and performance status

Age ≥ 18 years of age
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1
Asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic from prostate cancer

Required Initial Laboratory Values

Granulocytes ≥ 1,500/µL
Platelet count ≥ 100,000/µL
Hemoglobin ≥ 9 g/dL
Creatinine ≤ 2 x upper limits of normal (ULN)
Bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x ULN
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 2 x ULN
Albumin ≥ 3 g/dl
Total testosterone ≤ 50 ng/dL (1.7 nmol/L)