Early Detection Starts With Paying Attention to Changes
- Sergeant Kaitlyn Sweat, diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer before age 30 after a lump was initially dismissed, is preparing for treatment at MD Anderson while encouraging young women to advocate for their health and seek help when needed.
- Self-breast exams can help women better understand what is normal for their breasts, making it easier to notice any unusual changes. While experts recommend performing regular self-exams, they should not be used as a substitute for routine mammograms.
- The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends women get mammograms every other year at the age of 40.
- The American Cancer Society recommends getting a mammogram every other year for women 55 and older.
Check out SurvivorNet’s “My Health Questions,” it allows patients and caregivers to get personalized, doctor-backed answers to their cancer care questions in real time by typing them in or using voice command technology.
Sweat, who is set to undergo treatment at MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, confirmed her diagnosis after getting the mass biopsied in June, followed by scans that showed the disease has spread to her bones and liver, she explained in a recent interview with WSFA 12 News.
Read MoreShe told WSFA, “I went on Facebook not knowing what else to do, and that post just got shared and shared. Just the outpour of prayers, offers for rides, offers for flights, travel has been so overwhelming, and I’ve genuinely just been blessed by a community that I wasn’t expecting.”
“It really shocked me. We go every day and we don’t expect anything back in return. We just do the best that we can to help people… To have the community come back and really pay me back in a way that I was not expecting, I don’t think that there’s enough ways that I could say thank you.”
Expert Breast Cancer Resources
- Getting to Know Your Breasts with Self-Exams
- Should I Have a Lumpectomy or Mastectomy?
- 3D Mammography Detects 34% More Breast Cancers Than Traditional Mammography
- Bi-Annual Mammograms At Age 40 Now Recommended For Most Women, What The New Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines Mean For You
- Many Breast Cancer Patients May Not Need Surgery After Chemotherapy Thanks To Image-Guided Biopsies
- Advances in Metastatic Breast Cancer Treatments Over the Last Year Offer New Hope for Those Fighting
Sweat, who has continued working since being diagnosed and has been undergoing chemotherapy while awaiting additional treatment, hopes her story will convince other young women like herself that they are not “invincible.”
She said, “Just because you’re young doesn’t mean that you’re invincible. It can affect anyone at any time.
“And I would just really want people to advocate for themselves, ask for help, and accept that help.”
‘Be Your Own Advocate’
Although Sweat has not shared details about the specific treatment she is currently receiving [we do know she’s started chemo] or the specialized care she hopes to pursue, it is important to note that while stage 4 breast cancer is not considered curable, several treatment options are available that may help slow the disease and extend patients’ lives.
Metastatic breast cancer (also called stage 4), which Sweat is battling, means cancer cells have spread from the breast to other parts of the body, which may include the bones, liver, lungs, brain, and beyond.
Breast cancer spreads through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. The blood carries cancer cells to different body parts, where they grow as new tumors.
As the cancer spreads to other body parts, patients may experience additional symptoms depending on where the cancer has spread. Examples include:
- Bones: Severe bone pain or fractures
- Lungs: Difficulty breathing, chest pain, new cough
- Liver: Yellowing of the skin (jaundice), abdominal pain, nausea, and/or vomiting
- Brain: Headaches, memory loss, changes in vision, seizures
Treatment options depend on the stage, type of primary breast cancer, and whether hormone receptors are positive.
Treatment can include a combination of:
- Chemotherapy: Oral or IV medications that are toxic to tumor cells
- Hormonal therapies: Drugs that lower estrogen levels or block estrogen receptors from allowing the cancer cells to grow
- Targeted therapies: Drugs that target your tumor’s specific gene mutations
- Immunotherapy: Medications that stimulate your immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells
- Radiation: The use of high-energy rays to kill tumor cells and shrink tumors
- Surgery: To remove a cancerous tumor or lymph nodes (uncommon with stage IV; more common in stages I, II, and III)
- Clinical trials: Studies of new medications, treatments, and other therapies offer hope for better outcomes.
Breast Cancer Symptoms & Self-Exams
Women are encouraged to do regular self-exams to become familiar with how their breasts feel normally, so when something unusual, like a lump, does form, it can be easily detected. A self-exam includes pressing your fingertips along your breast in a circular motion.
For some women, that means going to their doctor and walking through what a self-breast exam looks like, so they know what normal breast tissue feels like, so if they do feel something abnormal, whether it’s a lump or discharge from the nipple, they know what to ask and what to look for.
Below are common symptoms to look out for:
- New lump in the breast or underarm (armpit)
- Any change in the size or shape of the breast
- Swelling of all or part of the breast
- Skin dimpling or peeling
- Breast or nipple pain
- Nipple turning inward
- Redness or scaliness of the breast or nipple skin
- Nipple discharge (not associated with breastfeeding
How to Perform a Self-Breast Exam
If you notice any changes in your breasts, such as new lumps or nipple changes, ask your doctor about getting a mammogram or other screening tests. Remember that you’re the best expert on your own health and what’s normal, or not, for your body. In between regular mammogram screenings, SurvivorNet’s experts also recommend that you do regular breast self-exams.
Step 1: Begin by looking at your breasts in the mirror.
Stand with shoulders straight and arms on hips, and look for the following:
- Breasts that are their usual size, shape, and color
- Breasts that are evenly shaped without visible distortion or swelling.
- If you notice dimpling, puckering, or bulging, bring this to your doctor’s attention.
Also, check with your doctor if a nipple has inverted or changed position; or if you see redness, soreness, a rash, or swelling.
Step 2: Now, raise your arms and look for the same changes.
While you’re facing the mirror, look for any signs of fluid coming out of one or both nipples (this could be a watery, milky, or yellow fluid– or blood).
Step 3: Next, feel your breasts while lying down:
Use your right hand to feel your left breast; your left hand to feel your right breast. Use a firm, smooth touch with the first few finger pads of your hand, keeping fingers flat and together. Use a circular motion, about the size of a quarter.
Cover the entire breast from top to bottom, side to side from your collarbone to the top of your abdomen, and from your armpit to your cleavage.
Follow a pattern to be sure that you cover the whole breast. You can begin at the nipple, moving in larger and larger circles until you reach the outer edge of the breast. You can also move your fingers up and down vertically, in rows, as if you were mowing a lawn. This up-and-down approach seems to work best for most women.
Be sure to feel all the tissue from the front to the back of your breasts: for the skin and tissue just beneath, use light pressure; use medium pressure for tissue in the middle of your breasts; use firm pressure for the deep tissue in the back. When you’ve reached the deep tissue, you should be able to feel down to your ribcage.
Step 4: Finally, feel your breasts while you are standing or sitting.
Many women find that the easiest way to feel their breasts is when their skin is wet and slippery, so they like to do this step in the shower. Cover your entire breast, using the same hand movements described in step 3.
When to Screen for Breast Cancer
The medical community has a broad consensus that women should have annual mammograms between the ages of 45 and 54. However, an independent panel of experts called the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) is saying that women should now start getting mammograms every other year at the age of 40, suggesting that this lowered age for breast cancer screening could save 19% more lives.
The American Cancer Society recommends getting a mammogram every other year for women 55 and older. However, women in this age group who want added reassurance can still get annual mammograms.
WATCH: When you’re getting a mammogram, ask about dense breasts.
Women with a strong family history of breast cancer, a genetic mutation known to increase the risk of breast cancer, such as a BRCA gene mutation, or a medical history, including chest radiation therapy before the age of 30, are considered at higher risk for breast cancer.
Experiencing menstruation at an early age (before 12) or having dense breasts can also put you into a high-risk category. If you are at a higher risk of developing breast cancer, you should begin screening earlier.
Getting Second Opinions
Once you’ve gone through all of the tests needed to diagnose your cancer and your doctor has recommended a course of action, you will likely, finally, feel a sense of resolution. But no matter how qualified and experienced the doctor who diagnosed you is, there may be a lingering feeling about getting a second opinion. It’s OK to consider your doctor’s treatment recommendations as just the first step in figuring out what to do next.
RELATED: Second (& Third) Opinions Matter When Deciding Between Surgery or Radiation
“If I had any advice for you following a cancer diagnosis, it would be, first to seek out multiple opinions as to the best care,” National Cancer Institute chief of surgery, Dr. Steven Rosenberg, previously told SurvivorNet.
“Finding a doctor who is up on the latest information is important, and it’s always important to get other opinions so that you can make the best decisions for yourself in consultation with your care providers.”
RELATED: National Cancer Institute chief of surgery, Dr. Steven Rosenberg, offers advice on seeking a second opinion
A second opinion gives you the chance to explore other therapeutic options. Another doctor may offer a new perspective on your cancer, and possibly recommend treatments that are different than what the first doctor you saw suggested.
Getting another opinion may also help you avoid doctor biases. For example, some surgeons own radiation treatment centers. “So there may be a conflict of interest if you present to a surgeon that is recommending radiation because there is some ownership of that type of facility,” Dr. Jim Hu, director of robotic surgery at Weill Cornell Medical Center, tells SurvivorNet.
Other reasons to get a second opinion include:
- To see a doctor who has more experience treating your type of cancer
- You have a rare type of cancer
- There are several ways to treat your cancer
- You feel like your doctor isn’t listening to you, or isn’t giving you good advice
- You have trouble understanding your doctor
- You don’t like the treatment your doctor is recommending, or you’re worried about its possible side effects
- Your insurance company wants you to get another medical opinion
- Your cancer isn’t improving on your current treatment
Questions to Ask Your Doctor
If you have been diagnosed with breast cancer, you may have questions about keeping your strength through treatment. Here are a few questions to help you begin the conversation with your doctor:
- What treatment will I be receiving?
- What side effects are associated with this treatment?
- Are there steps I can take daily to help minimize these side effects?
- What physical activity routine do you recommend for me during treatment?
- Do you have recommendations for someone who doesn’t particularly enjoy exercise?
- Can you recommend a dietician who can help me with healthy eating tips and weight maintenance?
- I’ve been having trouble sleeping. Do you have any treatment recommendations?
WATCH: How One Cancer Survivor and Her Sister Used “My Health Questions” to Navigate Care
Contributing: SurvivorNet Staff
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