Skin Cancer Awareness: Signs, Symptoms, and Smart Protection Tips
- Actress Michelle Monaghan, who was diagnosed with melanoma about 15 years ago, has made skin cancer awareness a key part of her advocacy work. At the Skin Cancer Foundation Champions for Change Gala 2026, she said she considers it a “privilege” to help raise awareness about the disease.
- Monaghan was diagnosed with melanom after her husband urged her to get a spot on the back of her calf checked. Her doctor removed the cancer with clear margins and she has since become an advocate for skin cancer awareness, making sure her daughter, son, and all children are away of the importance of sun safety.
- Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer. It starts in the same cells that give your skin, hair, and eyes their color. In melanoma, the cells change in a way that allows them to spread to other organs.
- Changes to a mole you’ve had for a while or a new growth on your skin could be signs of melanoma, according to SurvivorNet’s experts. You’ll want to watch them and tell your doctor about any changes you notice.
- Tanning beds are dangerous because they expose you to the same harmful UVA/UVB rays you get from the sun, but in the bed, these rays reach you from only 6-8 inches away. Studies have shown that exposure to tanning beds increases the risk of skin cancer and ocular cancer.
- Just one indoor tanning session can increase the risk of melanoma by 47%, squamous cell carcinoma by 58% and basal cell carcinoma by 24%.
Speaking on stage at the Ziegfeld Ballroom on May 13, Monaghan—who was diagnosed with melanoma in 2012 and had the cancer removed thanks to early detection— praised the Skin Cancer Foundation for allowing her to share her story.

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Footage from the event, shared on social media, showed Monaghan saying her speech after she received the 2026 Impact Award.

Monaghan recently warned about the dangers of tanning beds, exclusively telling People that she made “poor choices” as a teen.
“After a long winter, we saw it [tanning beds] as an opportunity to get a tan,” explained the mom of two, noting how she used to buy packages of 10 tanning sessions.
The melanoma survivor now hopes her 17-year-old daughter Willow and her 12-year-old son don’t make the same mistakes she made when it comes to skin protection.
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Monaghan admitted to People that she recently had a “thorough conversation” with her children about how tanning beds aren’t healthy. She even created a book titled, “A Kids Book About Sun Safety.”
The Iowa native, who spent much of her childhood outdoors without sunscreen on and getting sun burns, said she often chooses to outdoor activities with her children like surfing or hiking, revealing “there was this disconnect of how to help my children understand the importance of being protected in the sun without fearing it.”
Referring to her new book for kids sun safety, Monaghan said, in a recent Instagram post, “I crafted this conversation starter to be shared with you and your kids to help you better understand what skin cancer is, how to identify it, and how to take active steps that can lower your risk to it.
“Trust me – this lil sun safety book has got you (and yours) covered from head to toe!”
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As for her melanoma diagnosis, which was located on the back of here calf, Monaghan believes it stemmed from “laying on a tanning bed.” She thankfully decided to get checked after her graphic designer and artist husband Peter White pushed her to see a doctor.
She praises White for having “saved” her life, as he encouraged her to get the questionable spot on the back of her calf checked about one year after noticing it.
Monaghan noted that her children are aware of “how serious my diagnosis was.”
She makes sure her children get their routine skin checks once a year, saying skin safety “is as much of a part of their health routine as brushing your teeth or going to the dentist.”
“Introducing these things to kids early is critical. If you have skin, you need protection,” she advised.
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In an earlier Instagram post, Monaghan recapped her skin cancer journey, writing, “Several years ago, I was diagnosed (and thankfully, fully recovered) from melanoma. A mole on my left calve changed color and shape and thanks to the eagle eye of my husband, my melanoma was detected at an early stage.
“My skin cancer experience has made me incredibly passionate about educating myself on all things sun safety, skin cancer awareness and prevention. I LOVE the sun – that’s why I’m here. I just kinda prefer it in small, safe doses, preferably not between the hours of 10-2.”
When Monaghan was previously interview by the Skin Cancer Foundation, she said, referring to growing up in the midwest, “I don’t recall ever using sunscreen as a kid.
“Our intention was to always get a tan over the summer school break. We thought, ‘It’s cold for seven months out of the year, so let’s get some sun-kissed skin while we can.’ Never mind doing it responsibly.”
With summer tanning and some trips to the tanning bed before prom, Monaghan admits her regret. “I definitely take responsibility for not having proper skin health as a young person, and we know that’s when a lot of the sun damage occurs.”
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She further explained to The Skin Cancer Foundation, “I wasn’t familiar with skin cancer. It wasn’t something I was informed about, so I didn’t take the prospect of getting skin cancer seriously.”
Monaghan couldn’t believe her diagnosis news. “’This is serious'” she recalls her doctor saying. “‘You need to come back in now, and we need to take this out.'”
Her doctor removed the tumor, and luckily she cleared margins.
“I now see a dermatologist twice a year,” she explained. “I get a mole or two removed (and checked) most years just as a precautionary measure. I’d rather be safe than sorry I don’t want a repeat performance!”
The Dangers of Tanning Beds
If you’re considering visiting a tanning bed, we highly suggest you think again. Just one indoor tanning session can increase the risk of skin cancer melanoma by 47%, squamous cell carcinoma by 58% and basal cell carcinoma by 24%, according to the American Academy of Dermatology.
When you hop into a tanning bed, you are exposing yourself to the very same dangerous rays you expose yourself to outside, but those rays are only 6-8 inches away. And in a study recently published in Cancer, a peer-reviewed journal of the American Cancer Society, researchers suggested that banning tanning beds among minors would prevent thousands of cases of melanoma in adolescents, along with millions of dollars in health care costs.
So, even if the temptation of achieving a nice “glow” seems irresistible, you should note that health experts warn against using tanning beds.
Dr. Anna Pavlick, an oncologist specializing in skin cancer at Weill Cornell, explained to SurvivorNet that tanning beds increase your chances of skin cancer “exponentially.”
“We know there is a direct correlation with (melanoma) patients who go to indoor tanning salons,” Dr. Pavlick said, noting that the exposure “is about 6 inches from your body.”
Tanning Salons Pose a Big Risk of Melanoma
The sun is millions of miles away when you’re on a beach, “so you have to think of the intensity that you’re exposing your skin to when you go to a tanning salon,” she added.
How to Protect Your Skin From Cancer
The Skin Cancer Foundation estimates that more than 5 million cases of skin cancer are diagnosed in the United States every year, making it the most common cancer in the U.S.
As the warmer weather months are still upon us it’s important to remember to protect your skin from skin cancer this summer.
Dr. Dendy Engelman, a board-certified dermatologic surgeon and associate at Manhattan Dermatology and Cosmetic Surgery, previously told SurvivorNet that protecting your skin is easy with these simple steps:
- Sun avoidance during peak hours: This means from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. It doesn’t mean you should never go outside during the middle of the day, but make sure you’re protected when you go outdoors.
- Cover your skin and eyes: Wearing a wide brim hat or sunglasses will protect your face, the top of your head, your ears and the delicate skin around your eyes.
- Wear an SPF of 30 or higher: Plenty of facial moisturizers have SPF built into them. Dr. Engelman recommends reapplying every few hours, or after excessive sweating or swimming.
- Get an annual skin check: If you happen to notice anything out of the ordinary in between checks (like the signs outlined in this article), schedule an appointment to talk to your doctor as soon as possible.
- No-go to tanning beds: Tanning beds can significantly increase your risk of developing melanoma. If you feel like you’re just too pale, Dr. Engelman recommends a sunless tanner.
Learning More About Melanoma
Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer. It starts in the same cells that give your skin, hair, and eyes their color. In melanoma, the cells change in a way that allows them to spread to other organs.
Changes to a mole you’ve had for a while or a new growth on your skin could be signs of melanoma, according to SurvivorNet’s experts. You’ll want to watch them and tell your doctor about any changes you notice.
WATCH: How do you perform a skin check using the ABCDEs?
You’re most likely to find melanoma on sun-exposed skin areas like your face, neck, arms, and legs. Surprisingly, you might also find them in other places as well, like:
- The palms of your hands or soles of your feet
- On your eyes or mouth
- Under your nails
SurvivorNet experts recommend avoiding unprotected sun exposure because ultraviolet (UV) radiation can lead to melanoma. Tanning beds pose ultraviolet radiation risks for skin cancer and should be avoided. Many dermatologists recommend using spray tans to reduce the risk of melanoma skin cancer.
What Are the Symptoms of Melanoma?
The most important thing to look out for when it comes to finding melanoma is a new spot on your skin or a spot that is changing in size, shape, or color, SurvivorNet’s medical experts say.
When you check your skin, use the acronym ABCDE as your guide:
- Asymmetrical moles: If you drew a line straight down the center of the mole, would the sides match?
- Borders: Is the mole irregular or jagged?
- Colors: Are there multiple distinct colors in the mole?
- Diameter: Is the mole larger than 6 millimeters (mm), about the size of a pencil head eraser?
- Evolution: Has the mole’s color, shape, or size changed over time?
RELATED: The Genetic Mutation That Drives Many Metastatic Melanomas
If you answered “yes” to any of these questions, our experts say it’s time to see your dermatologist for a skin check.
Melanoma Treatment Options
Melanoma treatment has come a long way. Survival rates have risen dramatically, thanks to a “treatment revolution,” say SurvivorNet’s experts. With breakthrough treatments like targeted therapy and immunotherapy now available, people who are diagnosed today have a much better chance of living a long and healthy life than ever before.
If you’re diagnosed with melanoma, there’s a good chance surgery is going to be the treatment your doctor recommends. In the early stages of the disease, removing the cancer should lead to a cure. The question is typically not whether you’ll get surgery, but which kind you’ll have.
WATCH: Dermatologic Surgeon Dr. Nima Gharavi, On The “Gold Standard Treatment” For Melanoma
For an early-stage melanoma that is close to the skin surface, Mohs surgery might be an option. This technique removes skin cancer, layer by layer, until all the cancer is gone.
In general, stage I melanoma surgery consists of the simple, in-office removal of the cancerous cells by a dermatologist. If the cancer is thicker, your surgeon will remove it through a technique called wide excision surgery.
The removal of stage II and III melanomas are performed by surgeons or surgical oncologists, not dermatologists. You may also have a sentinel lymph node biopsy to see if the melanoma has spread to the first lymph node where it’s most likely to travel. If your cancer has reached this first lymph node, it may have spread to other neighboring lymph nodes, and possibly to other organs. Where the cancer is will dictate your treatment.
After surgery, the removed tissue and lymph nodes will go to a specialist called a pathologist, who will measure the melanoma and find out if it has clear margins. Having clear margins means the cells around the area of tissue that was removed don’t contain any melanoma. When there aren’t any cancer cells left around the removed area, your cancer is less likely to come back.
Once your cancer spreads, treatment gets a little more complicated, but there are still ways to stop it. New treatments have vastly improved the outlook for people with metastatic, or stage IV, melanoma.
Targeted drugs and immunotherapy have been shown to be more effective than chemotherapy. So, with many more choices, there is no standard treatment. Treatment will vary based on your condition and whether there is recurrent disease.
Research has found that immunotherapy drugs such as Keytruda (pembrolizumab) and Opdivo (nivolumab) helped some people live longer. Combining immunotherapy drugs Yervoy (ipilimumab) and Opdivo (nivolumab) has also extended survival. Opdivo (nivolumab) + relatlimab is a new therapy option added to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines in 2022. The combination of two immunotherapies is called Opdualag.
For those with the BRAF mutation, targeted drugs which shrink or slow the tumor can be a good option. This could include a combination of drugs, such as:
- Zelboraf (vemurafenib) and Cotellic (cobimetinib)
- Braftovi (encorafenib) and Mektovi (binimetinib)
- Tafinlar (dabrafenib) and Mekinist (trametinib)
- Zelboraf (vemurafenib) and Cotellic (cobimetinib) can also be combined with atezolizumab.
“Every patient is different and every situation is different,” says Dr. Anna Pavlick, medical oncologist at Weill Cornell Medicine. She emphasized that “there is no cookie-cutter recipe,” for treating stage IV melanoma.
There Is No “Cookie Cutter Recipe” for Treating Stage Four Melanoma
Dr. Pavlick also notes the importance of personalized care and treatment. “It really is a matter of looking at the tools we have so that we can pick the right tools to give the patient the best outcome.”
So, while there is no one-size-fits-all approach to treating metastatic melanoma, your doctor will work with you to develop a treatment plan that is tailored to your individual situation. Advances in research and technology are making the fight against metastatic melanoma more hopeful than ever.
Questions to Ask Your Doctor
If you are diagnosed with skin cancer, you may have some questions for your doctor. SurvivorNet suggests some of the following to help you on your cancer journey.
- What type of skin cancer do I have?
- What treatment options exist for my type of melanoma?
- Will insurance cover this treatment?
- Would treatment through a clinical trial make sense for me?
- What resources exist to help manage my anxiety because of this diagnosis?
WATCH: Clinical trials can be life-saving
Leading Experts Urge Us to Be Proactive
“If I had any advice for you following a cancer diagnosis, it would be, first, to seek out multiple opinions as to the best care,” National Cancer Institute Chief of Surgery Steven Rosenberg told us in a previous interview, “because finding a doctor who is up to the latest of information is important.”
As we highlight in several areas of SurvivorNet, highly respected doctors sometimes disagree on the right course of treatment, and advances in genetics and immunotherapy are creating new options. Also, in some instances the specific course of treatment is not clear cut. That’s even more reason why understanding the potential approaches to your disease is crucial.
At the National Cancer Institute, there is a patient referral service that will “guide patients to the right group depending on their disease state so that they can gain access to these new experimental treatments,” Rosenberg says.
Cancer Research Legend Urges Patients to Get Multiple Opinions
Furthermore, getting another opinion may also help you avoid doctor biases. For example, some surgeons own radiation treatment centers. “So there may be a conflict of interest if you present to a surgeon that is recommending radiation because there is some ownership of that type of facility,” Dr. Jim Hu, director of robotic surgery at Weill Cornell Medical Center, tells SurvivorNet.
Other reasons to get a second opinion include:
- To see a doctor who has more experience treating your type of cancer
- You have a rare type of cancer
- There are several ways to treat your cancer
- You feel like your doctor isn’t listening to you, or isn’t giving you good advice
- You have trouble understanding your doctor
- You don’t like the treatment your doctor is recommending, or you’re worried about its possible side effects
- Your insurance company wants you to get another medical opinion
- Your cancer isn’t improving on your current treatment
RELATED: Be Pushy, Be Your Own Advocate, Says Leading Expert
Bottom line, being proactive about your health could be a matter of life or death. Learn as much as you can from as many experts as you can, so that you know that you did your best to take control of your health.
Contributing: SurvivorNet Staff
Learn more about SurvivorNet's rigorous medical review process.
