Navigating Skin Cancer and Treatment
- Actress Melanie Griffith underwent treatment for basal cell carcinoma, the most common type of skin cancer, in both 2009 and again after a recurrence in 2017. She later used her experience to encourage sun protection and skin cancer awareness.
- Experts say ultraviolet (UV) exposure is strongly linked to basal cell carcinoma development.
- After treatment, ongoing skin checks, follow-up appointments, sun protection, healthy lifestyle habits, and attention to mental health are important for reducing recurrence risk and supporting long-term well-being.
- Surgery is the most likely treatment for BCC, with Mohs surgery considered the “gold standard according to the medical journal International Journal of Molecular Sciences.
Stanford dermatologist Dr. Sumaira Aasi explains that Mohs surgery removes very thin layers of tissue and examines them in real time, allowing surgeons to precisely map where cancer cells remain and take only the smallest additional margins needed until the tumor is fully cleared. - “The Mohs surgeon will take a conservative cut circumferentially around the cancer, where we’re able to preserve healthy tissue,” Dr. Aasi explained.
Rather than allow rumors to continue, Griffith publicly shared her diagnosis. Years later, she found herself facing another challenge when the disease returned.

Griffith’s message to fans was straightforward: if you spend significant time in the sun, “be CAREFUL.”

According to the American Cancer Society, basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for roughly 8 out of every 10 skin cancer diagnoses. BCC develops in the basal cells, which are found in the lower part of the epidermis, the skin’s outer layer.
Research published in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology highlights the strong connection between ultraviolet (UV) exposure and the development of BCC. Researchers note that UV radiation can damage DNA and trigger mutations in tumor suppressor genes, contributing to the formation of cancer.
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While BCC is the most frequently diagnosed cancer, it is also considered the skin cancer least likely to spread to other parts of the body.
Still, as Griffith’s experience demonstrates, basal cell carcinoma can recur. When the cancer develops on the face, both treatment and recovery are often highly visible, making the experience particularly challenging for some patients.
Living Well After Basal Cell Carcinoma Treatment and Looking Out for Recurrence
Completing treatment for basal cell carcinoma marks an important milestone, but ongoing monitoring and preventive care remain critical. Long-term follow-up can help identify recurrences early and reduce the risk of developing additional skin cancers.
Key steps include:
- Perform regular skin self-exams: Check your skin about once a month for any new spots, growths, or changes. Good lighting, mirrors, or help from a family member can make it easier to inspect hard-to-see areas.
- Attend follow-up appointments: Your healthcare provider may recommend routine skin examinations every few months or annually, depending on your individual circumstances and risk factors.
- Practice sun safety: Protecting your skin from UV damage is one of the most important ways to reduce future skin cancer risk. Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher, seek shade when possible, and wear protective clothing, hats, and sunglasses.
- Support overall health: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle through a balanced diet, regular exercise, quality sleep, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol use can contribute to overall well-being during survivorship.
- Prioritize mental health: A cancer diagnosis can have lasting emotional effects. If feelings of anxiety, stress, or depression become overwhelming, consider seeking support from a mental health professional who can help you develop coping strategies.
Helpful Resources for Skin Cancer Patients
- How Dangerous Is President Biden’s Skin Cancer? What to Know About Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Treatment For Basal Cell Carcinoma: Mohs Surgery Removes This Skin Cancer With Smaller Incisions and More Certainty
- ‘A Game Changer’: New Combination Immunotherapy for Advanced Melanoma Offers More Options For Patients
- A Biopsy of Your Mole Doesn’t Mean You Have Melanoma
Understanding Griffith’s Skin Cancer Diagnosis
According to research published in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, “There is a direct link between ultraviolet exposure and the development of BCC, as UV exposure damages DNA and induces mutations in tumor suppressor genes.” Although BCC is the most common cancer, it is the “least likely cancer to metastasize,” the researchers added.
BCC Risk Factors include:
- Fair skin
- Older than age 50
- Exposure to UV radiation
The Skin Cancer Foundation describes the notable signs of BCCs, which include:
- Appear like open sores
- Red patches
- Pink growths
- Shiny bumps
- Scars or growths that are slightly elevated
- Sometimes, BCCs may ooze, crust, itch, or bleed
According to the medical journal International Journal of Molecular Sciences, surgery is the most likely treatment for BCC, with Mohs surgery considered the “gold standard surgical approach in high-risk recurrent BCCs.”
Helpful Resources for Skin Cancer Patients
- How Dangerous Is President Biden’s Skin Cancer? What to Know About Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Treatment For Basal Cell Carcinoma: Mohs Surgery Removes This Skin Cancer With Smaller Incisions and More Certainty
- ‘A Game Changer’: New Combination Immunotherapy for Advanced Melanoma Offers More Options For Patients
- A Biopsy of Your Mole Doesn’t Mean You Have Melanoma
Mohs Micrographic Surgery: A Precise Approach to Skin Cancer Treatment
Mohs surgery is the leading method for treating skin cancer on delicate, high-risk areas like the face, ears, and nose. This meticulous technique—known as Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS)—uses microscopic guidance to remove cancerous tissue layer by layer, ensuring that only affected areas are excised while preserving as much healthy skin as possible.
WATCH: The best surgery option for melanoma.
It’s especially effective for treating common skin cancers like basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
During the procedure, the area is numbed with a local anesthetic. The surgeon carefully removes the visible tumor with a scalpel and immediately examines the tissue under a microscope. If cancer cells remain, the process is repeated—one layer at a time—until all cancerous cells are gone.
This methodical approach offers high cure rates, particularly when cancers are caught early, and minimizes scarring for sensitive, visible areas of the body.
“What is being done is that you’re able to remove a very conservative margin around the cancer and study it in, essentially, real time,” explains Dr. Sumaira Aasi, a professor of dermatology and Director of Mohs and Dermatologic Surgery at Stanford.
“The Mohs surgeon will take a conservative cut circumferentially around the cancer, where we’re able to preserve healthy tissue. We’re able to process the tissue and look at the cancerous tissue and know where there are still tumor cells persisting. As the Mohs surgeon removes the cancer, it’s mapped out.”
Dr. Aasi adds that the surgeon may go back specifically to the areas where the cancer cells were present and take out another conservative margin or amount of cancerous tissue and repeat the process until the cancer is out completely.
Surgery for BCC
When someone has surgery for basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the process usually follows several key steps:
- Diagnosis: A dermatologist first confirms the presence of BCC, typically through a skin biopsy. A small sample of the suspicious area is removed and examined under a microscope to identify cancerous cells.
- Pre‑operative evaluation: Once the diagnosis is confirmed, the care team assesses the patient’s overall health and the tumor’s size, depth, and location to determine the best surgical approach.
- Surgical removal (often Mohs surgery):
- As Dr. Sumaira Aasi of Stanford explains, surgeons can remove very thin layers of tissue and examine them under a microscope in real time. If cancer cells are still present, they remove another small layer. By taking the smallest possible margins and checking each stage microscopically, the surgeon can be confident the cancer is fully removed once the final layer is clear. This is typically done as an outpatient procedure with local anesthesia.
- Reconstruction: Depending on how much tissue was removed and where the cancer was located, reconstruction may be needed to restore appearance or function. This can involve stitches, skin grafts, or other techniques.
- Post‑operative care: Patients receive instructions on caring for the surgical site—usually keeping the area clean, changing dressings as directed, and protecting the skin from sun exposure.
- Follow‑up: Regular check-ins are important to ensure proper healing, monitor for recurrence, and address any concerns that arise after surgery.
Is Skin Cancer Surgery Covered By Insurance?
Some patients worry their insurance company might classify skin cancer surgery as a cosmetic procedure, but experts say that’s rarely the case. Most insurers cover medically necessary skin cancer removal.
“Most surgery is covered by most insurance,” says Dr. Jesse Lewin, System Chief of the Division of Dermatologic & Cosmetic Surgery at Mount Sinai. “Even though the reconstruction is done in a cosmetically sensitive way, it’s not a cosmetic procedure.”
He adds that patients are not billed for cosmetic work after the cancer is removed. One major benefit, he explains, is that a single surgeon can remove the cancer, examine the tissue under a microscope, and perform the reconstruction—all in one visit, while the patient remains awake for this outpatient procedure.
Spotting Skin Cancer
You should check your body for unusual spots or moles at least once a month. Any new spots or changes in size or color demand your attention.
Changes to a mole you’ve had for a while or a new growth on your skin could be signs of melanoma, according to SurvivorNet’s experts. Though these marks are unlikely to be cancerous, you’ll want to keep an eye on them and inform your doctor about any changes you notice.
WATCH: When checking for melanoma, remember your ABCDEs
Melanoma is most likely to develop on sun-exposed skin, such as the face, neck, arms, and legs. Surprisingly, it might also develop in places that have never been exposed to the sun, such as the palms of your hands or soles of your feet, your eyes or mouth, or under your nails.
SurvivorNet experts describe melanoma symptoms as:
- A sore that doesn’t heal
- Color that spreads from the border of a spot to the skin around it
- Redness or swelling that goes beyond the area of a mole.
- Itchiness, tenderness, or pain
- A change in the way the surface of a mole looks.
- Scaliness, oozing, or blood
Tips to Protect Your Skin from Skin Cancer
As many of us enjoy spending lots of time in the sun during the spring and summer, we must remember that the sun can harm us. For most people, there are simple ways to significantly reduce their risk of developing skin cancer.
Dermatologist Dr. Dendy Engelman offers five ways to protect your skin from cancer. Most of her recommendations are simple to follow and could save your life.
WATCH: How to protect your skin from skin cancer.
Her simple tips include:
- Avoid the sun during peak hours, from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. If you are outside during those hours, protect yourself from harmful sun rays.
- Cover your skin and eyes. A wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses will protect your face, the top of your head, your ears, and the delicate skin around your eyes.
- Wear an SPF of 30 or higher. Dr. Engelman also recommends reapplying every few hours or after excessive sweating or swimming.
- Get an annual skin check. You can check your skin for anything that looks out of the ordinary, but you should still get a yearly check to ensure you don’t miss anything. If you notice anything unusual between checks, schedule an appointment to talk to your doctor.
- Avoid tanning beds.
If you feel like you’re just too pale, Dr. Engelman recommends a sunless tanner. “There’s absolutely no benefit to going to a tanning bed,” Dr. Engelman said.
WATCH: Melanoma treatment options
People with Darker Skin Complexions Also Face Skin Cancer Risks
A rare form of melanoma called acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) impacted Bob Marley. According to research published in the medical journal Neoplasia, acral melanoma “arises on the non-hair-bearing skin of the nail bed, palms of the hand and soles of the feet” and is not linked to sun ultraviolet (UV) light like other skin cancers.
This rare subtype of melanoma is more common among people of Black, Hispanic/Latin, and Asian descent. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says, “Non-Hispanic Black people are often diagnosed with melanoma at later stages, and the predominant histologic types of melanomas that occur in non-Hispanic Black people have poorer survival rates than the most common types among non-Hispanic white people.
Questions to Ask Your Doctor
If you are diagnosed with skin cancer, you may have some questions for your doctor. SurvivorNet suggests the following to help you on your cancer journey.
- What type of skin cancer do I have?
- What treatment options exist for my specific cancer?
- Will insurance cover this treatment?
- Would treatment through a clinical trial make sense to me?
- What resources exist to help manage my anxiety because of this diagnosis?
Learn more about SurvivorNet's rigorous medical review process.
