What You Need to Know About Gastric Cancer

Overview

Gastric cancer, also known as stomach cancer, is a type of cancer that develops within the stomach lining. This cancer can be aggressive and is often diagnosed in the late stages, making it more difficult to treat. According to the World Health Organization, gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer globally and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths.

Causes

While the exact cause of gastric cancer is still unclear, some factors increase the risk of developing this type of cancer. These factors include:

• Age: Gastric cancer is more common in people over 50 years old.
• Gender: Men are more likely to develop gastric cancer than women.
• Helicobacter pylori infection: This bacteria can cause inflammation and increase the risk of gastric cancer.
• Smoking: Smokers have a higher chance of developing gastric cancer.
• Diet: Consuming a diet high in salt, processed meats, and low in fruits and vegetables can increase the risk.
• Family history: Having a close relative with gastric cancer increases the likelihood of developing the disease.

Symptoms

Gastric cancer often doesn't cause symptoms in the early stages. However, as the cancer progresses, individuals may experience:

• Indigestion or heartburn
• Loss of appetite
• Unintentional weight loss
• Abdominal pain or discomfort
• Nausea and vomiting
• Feeling full after consuming small amounts of food
• Swelling or fluid buildup in the abdomen
• Weakness and fatigue

Diagnosis

If a person's symptoms indicate a possible gastric cancer diagnosis, doctors will perform several tests, such as:

• Physical examination: The doctor will check for signs of gastric cancer like abdominal swelling or tenderness.
• Upper endoscopy: A flexible tube with a camera is passed down the throat to examine the stomach lining.
• Biopsy: Tissue samples are removed during an endoscopy and tested for cancerous cells.
• Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI, or PET scans may be conducted to determine the extent of cancer.
• Staging: Once gastric cancer is confirmed, additional tests will determine the stage and extent of the disease, guiding treatment options.

Treatment

Treatment for gastric cancer depends on the stage, overall health, and preferences of the individual. Options may include:

• Surgery: The removal of the tumor, part or all of the stomach, and surrounding lymph nodes.
• Chemotherapy: Drugs that target and destroy cancer cells.
• Radiation therapy: High-energy rays used to shrink tumors and kill cancer cells.
• Targeted therapy: Drugs used to target specific characteristics of cancer cells, blocking their growth and spread.
• Immunotherapy: Harness the body's immune system to recognize and kill cancer cells.
• Palliative care: Treatment to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.

Prevention

While it's impossible to completely prevent gastric cancer, individuals can take steps to lower their risk, such as:

• Maintaining a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
• Avoiding smoking or using tobacco products.
• Limiting alcohol consumption.
• Exercising regularly and maintaining a healthy weight.
• Treating Helicobacter pylori infections.